In constructed from a single verb; often, however, the verb phrase will
consist of various combinations of the main verb and any auxiliary
verbs, plus optional specifiers, complements, and adjuncts. For example,
consider the following sentences:
a. Yankee batters hit the ball to win their first World Series since 2000.
b. Mary saw the man through the window.
c. John gave Mary a book.
Example
(a) contains the verb phrase hit the ball to win their first World
Series since 2000. Example (b) contains the main verb see, the noun
phrase (NP) complement the man, and the prepositional phrase (PP)
adjunct through the window. Additionally, example (c) contains the main
verb gave, and two noun phrases Mary and a book, both selected by the
verb in this case.
Note that according to this definition, the verb phrase corresponds to what is commonly called the predicate.
Up
to the mid/late 1980s, it was thought that some languages lacked a verb
phrase. These included languages with extremely free word order
(so-called non-configurational languages, such as Japanese, Hungarian,
or Australian aboriginal languages), and languages with a default VSO
order (several Celtic and Oceanic languages). The current view in some
varieties of generative grammar (such as Principles and Parameters) is
that all languages have a verb phrase, while others (such as Lexical
Functional Grammar) take the view that at least some of these languages
do lack a verb phrase constituent.
Verb Phrases narrowly defined
Verb
phrases are sometimes defined more narrowly in scope to allow for only
those sentence elements that are strictly considered verbal elements to
form verb phrases. According to such a definition, verb phrases consist
only of main verbs, auxiliary verbs, and other infinitive or participle
constructions. For example, in the following sentences only the bolded
words would be considered to form the verb phrase for each sentence:
a. John gave Mary a book.
b. They were being eaten alive.
c. She kept screaming like a maniac.
d. Thou shalt not kill.
This
more narrow definition is often applied in functionalist frameworks and
traditional European reference grammars. It is incompatible with the
generative theory of the verb phrase, since the bolded strings are not
constituents under standard analyses.
Minggu, 04 Mei 2014
Verb Phrases (Tulisan Berbahasa Inggris Ke-3)
Diposting oleh Resti Kartika di 07.08
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